Compositions for producing aminoplast products and method for producing products from these compositions

ABSTRACT

Compositions for producing aminoplast products by means of melt processing consisting of: A) 95 to 99.9% by mass of solvent-free meltable polycondensates of melamine resins having molar masses ranging from 300 to 300 000; A) from 0.1 to 5% by mass of weak acids serving as thermoinducible curing agents consisting of: acidifiers of the blocked sulfonic acid type; aliphatic C 4 -C 18  carboxylic acids; aromatic C 7 -C 18  carboxylic acids; alkali salts or ammonium salts of phosphoric acid; C 1 -C 12 -alkyl esters or C 2 -C 8 -hydroxyalkyl esters of C 7 -C 14  aromatic carboxylic acids or of inorganic acids; salts of melamine or of guanamines having C 1-18  aliphatic carboxylic acids; anhydrides, half-esters or half-amides of C 4 -C 20  dicarboxylic acids; half-esters or half-amides of copolymers consisting of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 20  dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the C 2 -C 20  olefin type and/or C 8 -C 20  vinyl aromatic compounds; and/or salts of C 1 -C 12 -alkyl amines or alkanolamines having C 1 -C 18  aliphatic, C 7 -C 14  aromatic or alkylaromatic carboxylic acids and inorganic acids of the hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid type, and; B) optionally up to 400% by mass of fillers and or reinforcing fibers, up to 30% by mass of additional reactive polymers of the ethylene copolymer, maleic anhyudride copolymer, modified maleic anhydride copolymer, poly(meth)acrylate, polyamide, polyester and/or polyurethane type, and up to 4% by mass, each time with regard to the polycondensates of melamine resins, of stabilizes, UV absorbers and/or auxiliary agents. These inventive compositions can be processed by means of melt processing into products such as panels, coated supporting materials, profiled pieces, pipes, injection-molded articles, fibrous products and laminates.

The invention relates to compositions for producing amino resin productsand to products produced from them by melt processing. Processes forproducing products from the compositions are further subject-matter ofthe invention.

Semi-finished products and shaped materials made from amino resins suchas melamine-formaldehyde resins or melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1987), Vol. A2,130-131] are known. A disadvantage associated with the production ofproducts from melamine resins is the difficulty of their processing bycommon thermoplastic processing methods such as extrusion, injectionmoulding or blow moulding.

The melt viscosity of low molecular mass melamine resin precondensatesis too low for these processing methods, and they can only be processedas highly filled moulding compounds with long cycle times and withcuring of the products (Woebcken, W., Kunststoff-Handbuch Vol. 10“Duroplaste”, Carl Hanser Verl. Munich 1988, pp. 266-274). Fibres, foamsor coatings of melamine resins, owing to the low melt viscosity of themelamine resin precondensates, can be produced only starting fromsolutions of the melamine resin precondensates, with curing during theshaping operation.

Customary curing agents for amino resins are strong acids such ashydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, p-toluenesulphonic acid and formicacid and also ammonium chloride (EP 0 657 496 A2; EP 0 523 485 A1, EP 0799 260). A disadvantage with these curing agents is the inadequate curerate in compositions with melamine resin precondensates having molarmasses of 300 to 5 000 at short residence times during the meltprocessing of the compositions to semi-finished products and shapedmaterials, leading to unsatisfactory material properties.

The invention has as its object compositions of melamine resinprecondensates and curing agents which are suitable for melt processingto amino resin products.

The object has been achieved by compositions for producing amino resinproducts by melt processing, the compositions being composed inaccordance with the invention of

-   A) from 95 to 99.9% by mass of solvent-free meltable polycondensates    of melamine resins having molar masses of 300 to 300 000,-   B) from 0.1 to 5% by mass of weak acids as thermoinducible curing    agents, composed of    -   B1) acid formers of the type of blocked sulphonic acid of the        general formula (I)        R₁—SO₂—O—R₂  (I)        -   R₁=unsubstituted or substituted aryl or biphenyl        -   R₂=4-nitrobenzyl, pentafluorobenzyl or        -   substituents        -   where        -   R₃=non-substituted or substituted alkyl or aryl,        -   R₄=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl, C₂-C₉-alkanoyl or benzyl,        -   R₅=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or cyclohexyl,    -   or R₃ and R₄ or R₅ together with the atoms to which they are        attached form a 5- to 8-membered ring which can be fused by 1 or        2 benzo radicals,    -   B2) C₄-C₁₈ aliphatic and/or C₇-C₁₈ aromatic carboxylic acids,    -   B3) alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of phosphoric acid,    -   B4) C₁-C₁₂-alkyl esters or C₂-C₈-hydroxyalkyl esters of C₇-C₁₄        aromatic carboxylic acids or inorganic acids,    -   B5) salts of melamine or guanamines with C₁₋₁₈ aliphatic        carboxylic acids,    -   B6) anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic        acids,    -   B7) monoesters or monoamides of copolymers of ethylenically        unsaturated C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic anhydrides and ethylenically        unsaturated monomers of the type of C₂-C₂₀ olefins and/or C₈-C₂₀        vinylaromatics, and/or    -   B8) salts of C₁-C₁₂-alkylamines and/or alkanolamines with C₁-C₁₈        aliphatic, C₇-C₁₄ aromatic or alkylaromatic carboxylic acids and        also inorganic acids of the type of hydrochloric acid, sulphuric        acid or phosphoric acid, and-   C) if desired, up to 400% by mass of fillers and/or reinforcing    fibres, up to 30% by mass of other reactive polymers of the ethylene    copolymer, maleic anhydride copolymer, modified maleic anhydride    copolymer, poly(meth)acrylate, polyamide, polyester and/or    polyurethane type, and up to 4% by mass, based in each case on the    melamine resin polycondensates, of stabilizers, UV absorbers and/or    auxiliaries.

Examples of customary methods of melt processing are extrusion,injection moulding or blow moulding.

Examples of amino resin products which can be produced by meltprocessing are sheets, pipes, profiles, coatings, foam materials,fibres, injection mouldings and hollow articles.

The compositions for producing amino resin products can be in the formof cylindrical, lenticular, lozenge-shaped or spherical particles havingan average diameter of 0.5 to 8 mm.

The polycondensates of melamine resins having molar masses of 300 to 300000 can be polycondensates in which the triazine sequences are linkedthrough bridge members —NH-alkylene-NH—.

Preferred melamine resins in the compositions of the invention arepolycondensates of melamine and/or melamine derivatives and C₁-C₈aldehydes with a melamine or melamine derivative/C₁-C₈ aldehyde molarratio of 1:1.5 to 1:5 and also their partial etherification products,where the melamine derivatives can be melamines substituted byhydroxy-C₁-C₁₀-alkyl groups, hydroxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl-(oxa-C₂-C₄-alkyl)₁₋₅groups and/or by amino-C₁-C₁₂-alkyl groups, ammeline, ammelide, melem,melon, melam, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine,tetramethoxymethylbenzoguanamine, caprinoguanamine and/orbutyroguanamine, and the C₁-C₈ aldehydes are in particular formaldehyde,acetaldehyde, trimethylolacetaldehyde, acrolein, furfurol, glyoxaland/or glutaraldehyde, with particular preference formaldehyde.

The melamine resins may likewise contain 0.1 to 10% by mass, based onthe sum of melamine and melamine derivatives, of incorporated phenolsand/or urea. Suitable phenol components include phenol,C₁-C₉-alkylphenols, hydroxyphenols and/or bisphenols.

The precondensates of melamine resins having molar masses of 300 to 300000 are preferably mixtures of meltable 4- to 1 000-nucleusoligotriazine ethers,where in the polytriazine ethers the triazine segments

-   R₁=—NH₂, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₃, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—OH, —CH₃, —C₃H₇, —C₆H₅, —OH,    phthalimido-,    -   succinimido-, —NH—CO-_(C5-C18)-alkyl, —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-OH, —N        H—CH R₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-N H₂, —N H—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-N H₂,        —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—O—CHR₂—NH—, —NH—CHR₂—NH—,        —NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH—, —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH—,        —NH—CHR₂—O—CHR₂—NH—,-   R₂=H, C₁-C₇-alkyl;-   R₃=C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, H;-   R₄=C₂-C₁₈-alkylene,    —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—,    —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-arylene-O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—,    —[CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂]_(n)—, —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)]_(n)—,    —[—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—]_(n)—,    —[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—,    —[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—,    -   where n=1 to 200;    -   sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type    -   polyester sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type        —[(X)_(r)—O—CO—(Y)_(s)—CO—O—(X)_(r)]—,    -   in which    -   X={(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—} or    -   —{(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—};    -   r=1 to 70; s=1 to 70 and y=3 to 50;    -   polyether sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type        -   where R₂=H; C₁-C₄-alkyl and y=3 to 50;    -   sequences based on alkylene oxide adducts of melamine, of the        type of 2-amino-4,6-di-_(C2-C4)-alkyleneamino-1,3,5-triazine        sequences;    -   phenol ether sequences based on dihydric phenols and C₂-C₈        diols, of the type of        -   -_(C2-C8)-alkylene-O-_(C6-C18)-arylene-O-_(C2-C8)-alkylene-            sequences;            are linked by bridge members —NH—CHR₂—NH— or            —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—O—CHR₂—NH— and —NH—CHR₂—NH— and also, where            appropriate, —NH—CHR₂—O—CHR₂—NH—, —NH—CHR₂—

O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH— and/or —NH-C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH— to form 4- to 1000-nucleus polytriazine ethers with a linear and/or branched structure,in the polytriazine ethers the molar ratio of the substituentsR₃:R₄=20:1 to 1:20, the proportion of the linkages of the triazinesegments through bridge members —NH—CHR₃—O—R₄—O—CHR₃—NH— being from 5 to95 mol %, and it being possible for the polytriazine ethers to containup to 20% by mass of diols of the type HO—R₄—OH.

The terminal triazine segments in the polytriazine ethers are triazinesegments of the structure

-   Y=—NH—CHR₂—O—R₃, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—OH, and also, where appropriate,    —NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂,    -   —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂, —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-OH,-   R₁=—NH₂, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₃, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—OH, —CH₃, —C₃H₇, —C₆H₅, —OH,    phthalimido-,-   succinimido-, —NH—CO—R₃, —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-OH,-   —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂,-   —NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂,-   R₂=H, C₁-C₇-alkyl;-   R₃=C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, H;-   R₄=C₂-C₁₈-alkylene,    —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—,    —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-arylene-O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—,    —[CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂]_(n)—, —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)]_(n)—,    —[—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—]_(n)—,    —[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—,    —[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO—_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—,    -   where n=1 to 200;    -   sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type    -   polyester sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type        —[(X)_(r)—O—CO—(Y)_(s)—CO—O—(X)_(r)]—,        in which-   x={(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—} or    —{(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—};    r 1 to 70; s=1 to 70 and y=3 to 50;    -   polyether sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type        where R₂=H; C₁-C₄-alkyl and y=3 to 50;    -   sequences based on alkylene oxide adducts of melamine, of the        type of 2-amino-4,6-di-_(C2-C4)-alkyleneamino-1,3,5-triazine        sequences;    -   phenol ether sequences based on dihydric phenols and C₂-C₈        diols, of the type of        -_(C2-C8)-alkylene-O-_(C6-C18)-arylene-O-_(C2-C8)-alkylene-        sequences.

The 4- to 1 000-nucleus polytriazine ethers used in the compositions ofthe invention can be prepared by etherifying melamine resinprecondensates with C₁-C₄ alcohols, where appropriate with subsequentpartial transetherification with C₄-C₁₈ alcohols, C₂-C₁₈ diols,polyhydric alcohols of the glycerol or pentaerythritol type, C₅-C₁₈amino alcohols, polyalkylene glycols, polyesters containing terminalhydroxyl groups, siloxane polyesters, siloxane polyethers,melamine-alkylene oxide adducts and/or two-nucleus-phenol-alkylene oxideadducts and/or reaction with C₅-C₁₈ diamines and/or bisepoxides, andsubsequent thermal condensation of the modified melamine resincondensates in the melt in a continuous compounder at temperatures of140 to 220° C.

The melamine resin precondensates which are used in the preparation ofthe 4- to 1 000-nucleus oligotriazine ethers are preferablyprecondensates which as C₁-C₈ aldehyde components may compriseformaldehyde, acetaldehyde and/or trimethylolacetaldehyde and asmelamine component may comprise not only melamine but alsoacetoguanamine and/or benzoguanamine. Particular preference is given toprecondensates of melamine and formaldehyde with a melamine/formaldehydemolar ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:3.

The melamine resin polycondensates present in the compositions arepreferably mixtures of meltable 4- to 300-nucleus polytriazine ethers.

The thermoinducible curing agents of the type of blocked sulphonic acidof the general formulaR₁—SO₂—O—R₂  (I)in the compositions for producing amino resin products are preferablyblocked sulphonic acids in which the substituents

-   -   R₁=unsubstituted or singly or multiply halogen-,        C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-, C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-,        C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—, benzoyl- and/or        nitro-substituted C₆-C₁₀-aryl or C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl,    -   R₂=4-nitrobenzyl, pentafluorobenzyl,    -   R₃=C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,        C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or singly or multiply halogen-,        C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-, C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-,        C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—, benzoyl- or nitro-substituted        C₆-C₁₀-aryl and/or C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy,        C₅-C₈-cycloalkoxy, phenoxy or H₂N—CO—NH—, —CN, C₂-C₅-alkyloyl,        benzoyl, C₂-C₅-alkoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, morpholino-,        piperidino-, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl,        C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or singly or multiply halogen-,        C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-, C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-,        C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—, benzoyl- and/or        nitro-substituted C₆-C₁₀-aryl, C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy,        C₅-C₈-cycloalkoxy-, phenoxy-, or H₂N—CO—NH—,    -   R₄=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl, C₂-C₉-alkanoyl or benzyl    -   R₅=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or cyclohexyl,    -   or R₃ and R₄ or R₅ together with the atoms to which they are        attached form a 5- to 8-membered ring which can be fused by 1 or        2 benzo radicals.

Examples of preferred blocked sulphonic acids are benzil monoximetosylate, benzil monoxime p-dodecylbenzenesulphonate,4-nitroacetophenone oxime tosylate, ethyl α-tosyloxyiminocaproate, ethylα-cyclohexylsulphonyloxyiminophenylacetate, phenylα-(4-chlorophenyl-sulphonyloxyimino)caproate, 4,4-dimethylbenzilmonoxime tosylate, dibenzyl ketone oxime tosylate, acetone oximep-benzoylbenzenesulphonate, α-tetralone oxime tosylate, anthraquinonemonoxime tosylate, thioxanthone oxime tosylate,α-(p-toluenesulphonyloxyimino)benzyl cyanide,α-(4-nitrobenzenesulphonyloxyimino)benzyl cyanide,α-(benzenesulphonyloxyimino)-4-chlorobenzyl cyanide,α-(benzenesulphoxyimino)-2,6-dichlorobenzyl cyanide,α-(2-chlorobenzenesulphonyloxyimino)-4-methoxybenzyl cyanide,4-chloro-α-trifluoroacetophenone oxime benzenesulphonate, fluorene oximetosylate, α-(benzenesulphonyloxyimino)ureidocarbonylacetonitrile,α-(p-toluenesulphonyloxyimino)benzoylacetonitrile,2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphthoquinone monoxime tosylate, acetophenone oximetosylate, chroman oxime tosylate, 2-nitrobenzyl sulphonate,2,6-dinitrobenzyl benzenesulphonate, 4-nitrobenzyl9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulphonate,2-methylsulphonyloxyimino-4-phenylbut-3-enenitrile,4-cyclohex-1-enyl-2-methylsulphonyloxyiminobut-3-enenitrile,4-furan-2-ylisopropylsulphonyloxyiminobut-3-enenitrile and2-pentafluorophenylsulphonyloxyimino-4-phenylbut-3-enenitrile.

Examples of aliphatic C₄-C₁₈ carboxylic acids which may be present asthermoinducible curing agents in the formulations of the invention arebutyric acid, caproic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

Examples of aromatic C₇-C₁₈ carboxylic acids which may be present asthermoinducible curing agents in the formulations of the invention arebenzoic acid, phthalic acid or naphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

Examples of alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of phosphoric acidwhich may be present as thermoinducible curing agents in thecompositions of the invention are ammonium hydrogenphosphate, sodiumpolyphosphate and potassium hydrogenphosphate.

The C₁-C₁₂-alkyl esters and/or C₂-C₈-hydroxyalkyl esters of C₇-C₁₄aromatic carboxylic acids in the compositions for producing amino resinproducts are preferably dibutyl phthalate, phthalic acid diglycol estersand/or trimellitic acid glycol esters.

In the compositions for producing amino resin products the salts ofmelamine and/or guanamines with C₁₋₁₈ aliphatic carboxylic acids arepreferably melamine formate, melamine citrate, melamine maleate,melamine fumarate and/or acetoguanamine butyrate.

In the compositions for producing amino resin products the anhydrides,monoesters or monoamides of C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic acids that are used asthermoinducible curing agents are preferably maleic anhydride, succinicanhydride, phthalic anhydride, mono-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl maleates, maleicmonoamide or maleic mono-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl amides.

Examples of mono-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl maleates are monobutyl maleate,monoethylhexyl maleate or monostearyl maleate.

Examples of the maleic mono-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl amides are maleicmonoethylamide, maleic monooctylamide or maleic monostearylamide.

In the compositions for producing amino resin products the monoesters ormonoamides of copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C₄-C₂₀dicarboxylic anhydrides and ethylenically unsaturated monomers of theC₂-C₂₀ olefin and/or C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatic type that are used asthermoinducible curing agents are preferably monoesters or monoamides ofcopolymers of maleic anhydride and C₃-C₈ α-olefins of the isobutene,diisobutene and/or 4-methylpentene and/or styrene type with a maleicanhydride/C₃-C₈ α-olefin and/or styrene and/or corresponding monomermixtures molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:5.

In the compositions for producing amino resin products the salts ofC₁-C₁₂-alkylamines and/or alkanolamines with C₁-C₈ aliphatic, C₇-C₁₂aromatic and/or alkylaromatic carboxylic acids or inorganic acids of thehydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid type are preferablyethanolammonium chloride, triethylammonium maleate, diethanolammoniumphosphate and/or isopropylammonium p-toluenesulphonate.

Examples of suitable fillers which may be present in the compositionsfor producing amino resin products at up to 400% by mass, based on themelamine resin precondensates, are Al₂O₃, Al(OH)₃, barium sulphate,calcium carbonate, glass beads, siliceous earth, mica, quartz flour,slate flour, hollow microbeads, carbon black, talc, rock flour, woodflour, cellulose powders and/or husk meals and core meals such as peanutshell meal or olive kernel meal. Preferred fillers are phyllosilicatesof the type of montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, muscovite,hectorite, fluorohectorite, kanemite, revdite, grumantite, ilerite,saponite, beidelite, nontronite, stevensite, laponite, taneolite,vermiculite, halloysite, volkonskoite, magadite, rectorite, kenyaite,sauconite, boron fluorophlogopites and/or synthetic smectites.

Examples of suitable reinforcing fibres which may be present in thecompositions for producing amino resin products at up to 400% by mass,based on the melamine resin precondensates, are inorganic fibres,especially glass fibres and/or carbon fibres, natural fibres, especiallycellulosic fibres such as flax, jute, kenaf and wood fibres, and/orpolymeric fibres, especially fibres of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polypropylene, polyesters and/or polyamides.

Examples of reactive polymers of the ethylene copolymer type which maybe present in the compositions for producing amino resin products at upto 30% by mass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, arepartially hydrolysed ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-butylacrylate-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-hydroxyethyl acrylatecopolymers or ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers.

Examples of reactive polymers of the maleic anhydride copolymer typewhich may be present in the compositions for producing amino resinproducts at up to 30% by mass, based on the melamine resinprecondensates, are C₂-C₂₀ olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers orcopolymers of maleic anhydride and C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatics.

Examples of the C₂-C₂₀ olefin components which may be present in themaleic anhydride copolymers are ethylene, propylene, but-1-ene,isobutene, diisobutene, hex-1-ene, oct-1-ene, hept-1-ene, pent-1-ene,3-methylbut-1-ene, 4-methylpent-1-ene, methylethylpent-1-ene,ethylpent-1-ene, ethylhex-1-ene, octadec-1-ene and5,6-dimethylnorbornene.

Examples of the C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatic components which may be present inthe maleic anhydride copolymers are styrene, α-methylstyrene,dimethylstyrene, isopropenylstyrene, p-methylstyrene and vinylbiphenyl.

The modified maleic anhydride copolymers present where appropriate inthe compositions for producing amino resin products are preferablypartly or fully esterified, amidated and/or imidated maleic anhydridecopolymers.

Particularly suitable are modified copolymers of maleic anhydride andC₂-C₂₀ olefins and/or C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatics having a molar ratio of 1:1to 1:9 and molar mass weight averages of 5 000 to 500 000 which havebeen reacted with ammonia, C₁-C₁₈-monoalkylamines, C₆-C₁₈ aromaticmonoamines, C₂-C₁₈ monoamino alcohols, monoaminated poly(C₂-C₄-alkylene)oxides with a molar mass of 400 to 3 000 and/or monoetherifiedpoly(C₂-C₄-alkylene) oxides with a molar mass of 100 to 10 000, wherethe molar ratio of anhydride groups of copolymer/ammonia, amino groupsof C₁-C₁₈-monoalkylamines, C₈-C₁₈ aromatic monoamines, C₂-C₁₈ monoaminoalcohols and/or monoaminated poly(C₂-C₄-alkylene) oxide and/or hydroxylgroups of poly(C₂-C₄-alkylene)oxide is 1:1 to 20:1.

Examples of reactive polymers of the poly(meth)acrylate type which maybe present in the compositions for producing amino resin products at upto 30% by mass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, arecopolymers based on functional unsaturated (meth)acrylate monomers suchas acrylic acid, hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, methacrylicacid, hydroxybutyl methacrylate or glycidyl methacrylate andnon-functional unsaturated (meth)acrylate monomers such as ethylacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,ethyl acrylate and/or butyl methacrylate and/or C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatics.Preference is given to copolymers based on methacrylic acid,hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and styrene.

Examples of reactive polymers of the polyamide type which may be presentin the compositions for producing amino resin products at up to 30% bymass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, are polyamide 6,polyamine 6,6, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyaminoamides formed frompolycarboxylic acids and polyalkyleneamines, and the correspondingmethoxylated polyamides.

Examples of reactive polymers of the polyester type which may be presentin the compositions for producing amino resin products at up to 30% bymass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, are polyesters havingmolar masses of 2 000 to 15 000, formed from saturated dicarboxylicacids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid and/orsuccinic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid,fumaric acid and/or itaconic acid and diols such as ethylene glycol,butanediol, neopentylglycol and/or hexanediol. Preference is given tobranched polyesters based on neopentylglycol, trimethylolpropane,isophthalic acid and azelaic acid.

Examples of reactive polymers of the polyurethane type that may bepresent in the compositions for producing amino resin products at up to30% by mass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, areuncrosslinked polyurethanes based on tolylene diisocyanate,diphenylmethyl diisocyanate, butane diisocyanate and/or hexanediisocyanate as diisocyanate components and butanediol, hexanedioland/or polyalkylene glycols as diol components with molar masses of 2000 to 30 000.

Examples of suitable stabilizers and UV absorbers which may be presentin the compositions for producing amino resin products at up to 2% bymass, based on the melamine resin precondensates, are piperidinederivatives, benzophenone derivatives, benzotriazole derivatives,triazine derivatives and/or benzofuranone derivatives.

Examples of suitable auxiliaries which may be present in thecompositions for producing amino resin products at up to 4% by mass,based on the melamine resin precondensates, are processing auxiliariessuch as calcium stearate, magnesium stearate and/or waxes.

Also in accordance with the invention is a process for producingproducts from the above-described compositions for producing amino resinproducts, produced by melt processing, wherein the compositions aremelted in continuous compounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C.and residence times of 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltablemelamine resin polycondensates, by customary processing methods forthermoplastic polymers,

-   -   A) are applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off as        sheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on        sheet webs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs        or textile webs and are taken off as multi-component composites        and finished, or    -   B) are discharged through a profile die and taken off as profile        or sheet material, cut and finished, or    -   C) are discharged through an annular die, taken off as pipe,        with injection of air, cut and finished, or    -   D) following the introduction of blowing agents, are discharged        through a slot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or    -   E) are discharged through the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit        and applied in liquid melt form to, and sealed on, the rotating        pipe, or    -   F) in injection moulding machines, preferably with three-section        screws with a screw length of 18 to 24 D, at high injection        rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70° C., are processed to        injection mouldings, or    -   G) in melt spinning units are extruded by means of the melt pump        through the capillary die into the blowing shaft and taken off        as filaments or separated off by the melt-blown process as        fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotational spinning        process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants, to        form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations,        or    -   H) are metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould        with the semi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by        the vacuum bag technology, or    -   I) are injected by the resin injection process into a lockable        mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and are        shaped to components and cured, or    -   K) are used for the melt impregnation of component blanks        produced by the filament winding process, braiding process or        pultrusion process,        and for full curing where appropriate the products are subjected        to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of 180 to 220° C.        and residence times of 30 to 120 min.

For the production of products from the compositions of the inventioncomprising fillers, reinforcing fibres, other reactive polymers,stabilizers, UV absorbers and/or auxiliaries it is possible to usecompositions in which these components are already present, or thecomponents are added during the processing of the compositions.

Suitable continuous compounders for the melting of the compositions ofthe invention are extruders having short-compression screws orthree-section screws with L/D=20-40. Preference is given to 5-sectionscrews with an intake zone, compression zone, shearing zone,decompression zone and homogenizing zone. Screws with depths of cut of1:2.5 to 1:3.5 are suitable with preference. The interposition of staticmixers or melt pumps between barrel and die is particularly favourable.

Favourable melt temperatures for the melted compositions in the case ofprocessing by the smoothing unit technology to form sheets or coatingsor in the production of sheets, profiles or pipes by extrusion from aprofile die are in the range from 110 to 150° C.

In the case of the production of foamed sheet material by dischargethrough a slot die it is possible to use compositions which comprisegas-evolving blowing agents such as sodium hydrogencarbonate,azodicarboxamide, citric acid/bicarbonate blowing systems and/orcyanuric trihydrazide, or volatile hydrocarbons such as pentane,isopentane, propane and/or isobutane, or gases such as nitrogen, argonand/or carbon dioxide, are introduced into the melt prior to discharge.Suitable die temperatures for the discharge of the melt containingblowing agents are 110 to 175° C. Preferred foam densities of the foamsformed from the compositions of the invention are in the range from 10to 500 kg/m².

For the extrusion coating of metal pipes it is necessary for thetemperatures of the melts of the compositions to be 135° C. to 220° C.and for the pipe material to be preheated at 100 to 160° C.

In the production of injection-moulded products from the compositions ofthe invention it is preferred to use injection moulding machines havinginjection units which possess three-section screws with a screw lengthof 18 to 24 D. The injection rate when producing the mouldings producedby injection moulding should be set as high as possible in order toeliminate sink marks and poor seams.

In the production of fibre products from the compositions of theinvention it is preferred, for the uniform metering of the melt of thecompositions melted in the plastifying extruder via the melt distributorto the capillary die, to use biphenyl-heated melt pumps for the meltsheated at 120-240° C.

The production of filament yarns from the compositions of the inventioncan take place in short-spinning units by means of filament take-offwith the aid of high-speed godets and further processing in downstreaminstallations comprising aftercure chamber, drawing equipment andwinders.

Fibres or non-wovens as products formed from the compositions of theinvention can likewise be produced by the melt-blown process, byapplying a stream of air heated to high temperatures around theapertures in the capillary die during the extrusion of the filamentsfrom the capillary die into the blowing shaft. The stream of airstretches the melted filament and at the same time divides it into alarge number of small individual fibres with diameters of 0.5 to 12 μm.Further processing of the fibres deposited on the screen conveyor belt,to form non-wovens, can be accomplished by applying thermobonding orneedling operations in order to achieve the required strength anddimensional stability.

Fibre-reinforced plastics by the resin infusion process can be producedby impregnating the semi-finished fibre products by means of the melt ofthe composition of the invention that is under ambient pressure, whichis pressed into the evacuated vacuum bag, with the use of an open mould.

Sheetlike components or components of complex shape by the resininjection process are produced by inserting preforms made ofnon-impregnated textiles into a lockable mould, injecting the melt ofthe composition of the invention, and carrying out curing.

Rotationally symmetric components by the filament winding process,complex components by the circular braiding technique or profiles by thepultrusion technique can be produced by impregnating the fibre blanks inthe form of pipes, fittings, containers or profiles with the melt of thecomposition of the invention.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples:

EXAMPLE 1

The meltable melamine resin polycondensate used in the composition is apolytriazine ether formed from melamine and formaldehyde with amelamine/formaldehyde ratio of 1:3. The methylol groups have beenpredominantly etherified by methanol, so that the methoxy group contentof the resin is 20% by mass. The molar mass of the polytriazine ether isaround 2 000 g/mol.

1% by mass of maleic acid, based on the melamine resin polycondensate,is added as thermoinducible curing agent to the meltable melamine resinpolycondensate, and the progress of curing of the composition ischaracterized by means of dynamic mechanical analysis. Analyses werecarried out on an RDS instrument from the company Rheometric Scientific.The compositions were heated from 60° C. to 300° C. at a rate of 10K/min and the progress of the viscosity was determined. As the onset,the temperature was determined at which a sharp increase in viscosity isobserved (FIG. 1).

The onset temperature of the composition is 135° C. In the comparativeexperiment without thermoinducible curing agent the onset temperature is200° C.

EXAMPLES 2 TO 9

Experiment procedure analogous to Example 1; instead of maleic anhydrideas thermoinducible curing agent, the curing agents indicated in Table 1were used: Onset temperature Example Curing agent (° C.) 2 phthalic acid155 3 maleic anhydride 110 4 phthalic anhydride 126 5 monobutyl maleate130 6 maleic monoamide 140 7 melamine maleate 145 8 p-toluenesulphonicacid 200 9 none 200

In comparative experiment 8 p-toluenesulphonic acid, as a strong acid,was used as thermoinducible curing agent. The composition with thestrong acid gives an onset temperature which is higher by 45 to 90° C.in relation to the compositions of the invention, or the same onsettemperature as in compositions without thermoinducible curing agents(comparative experiment 9).

EXAMPLE 10

The melamine resin used is a melamine-formaldehyde precondensate basedon 2,4,6-trismethoxymethylamino-1,3,5-triazine which has beentransetherified with an ethylene glycol diether of bisphenol A (SimulsolBPLE, Seppic S.A., France). The molar mass determined by GPC is 1 800,the amount of unreacted Simulsol BPLE by HPLC analysis (solution in THF,UV detection with external standard) is 14% by mass. The fraction of—OCH₃ groups in the transetherified melamine resin (determination by GCanalysis following cleavage of the polytriazine ether with mineral acid)is 14.5% by mass. The viscosity at 140° C. is 800 Pas.

The transetherification of the melamine-formaldehyde precondensate basedon 2,4,6-trismethoxymethylamino-1,3,5-triazine and further condensationtakes place at 220° C. in a GL 27 D44 laboratory extruder with vacuumdevolatilization (Leistritz) with a temperature profile of 100° C./130°C./130° C./200° C./200° C./200° C./200° C./200° C./200° C./100° C./100°C. and an average residence time of 2.5 min. The extruder speed is 150min⁻¹. Metered gravimetrically into the intake zone of the extruder bymeans of side-stream metering are2,4,6-trismethoxymethylamino-1,3,5-triazine at 1.38 kg/h and theethylene glycol diether of bisphenol A at 1.13 kg/h. The strand of thepolytriazine ether that emerges from the extruder is chopped in apelletizer.

The transetherified resin is compounded with 1% by mass of maleic acidand the progress of curing this compound is determined in analogy toExample 1 by means of Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. The onset temperaturein this example is 125° C.

EXAMPLE 11-14

Experimental procedure analogous to Example 10, using the curing agentsindicated in Table 2: Onset temperature Example Curing agent (° C.) 10maleic acid 125 11 maleic anhydride 116 12 phthalic anhydride 121 13p-toluenesulphonic acid 170 14 none 180FIG. 1

Progress of curing in the compositions according to Example 1 withoutthermoinducible curing agent and with 1% by mass of maleic acid, basedon the melamine resin polycondensate, as thermoinducible curing agent

1. A composition for producing amino resin products by melt processing,said composition comprising: A) from 95 to 99.9% by mass of solvent-freemeltable polycondensates of melamine resins having molar masses of 300to 300 000, the melamine resin polycondensates being mixtures ofmeltable 4- to 1000-nucleus polytriazine ethers, B) from 0.1 to 5% bymass of weak acids as thermoinducible curing agents, composed of B1)acid formers of the type of blocked sulphonic acid of the generalformula (I)R₁—SO₂—O—R₂  (I) R₁=unsubstituted or substituted aryl or biphenylR₂=4-nitrobenzyl, pentafluorobenzyl or

substituents where R₃=non-substituted or substituted alkyl or aryl,R₄=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl, C₂-C₉-alkanoyl or benzyl, R₅=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkylor cyclohexyl, or R₃ and R₄ or R₅ together with the atoms to which theyare attached form a 5- to 8-membered ring which can be fused by 1 or 2benzo radicals, B2) C₄-C₁₈ aliphatic and/or C₇-C₁₈ aromatic carboxylicacids, B3) alkali metal salts or ammonium salts of phosphoric acid, B4)C₁-C₁₂-alkyl esters or C₂-C₈-hydroxyalkyl esters of C₇-C₁₄ aromaticcarboxylic acids or inorganic acids, B5) salts of melamine or guanamineswith C₁₋₁₈ aliphatic carboxylic acids, B6) anhydrides, monoesters ormonoamides of C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic acids, B7) monoesters or monoamides ofcopolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic anhydridesand ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the type of C₂-C₂₀ olefinsand/or C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatics, and/or B8) salts of C₁-C₁₂-alkylaminesand/or alkanolamines with C₁-C₁₈ aliphatic, C₇-C₁₄ aromatic oralkylaromatic carboxylic acids and also inorganic acids of the type ofhydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid, and C) if desired,up to 400% by mass of fillers and/or reinforcing fibres, up to 30% bymass of other reactive polymers of the ethylene copolymer, maleicanhydride copolymer, modified maleic anhydride copolymer,poly(meth)acrylate, polyamide, polyester and/or polyurethane type, andup to 4% by mass, based in each case on the melamine resinpolycondensates, of stabilizers, UV absorbers and/or auxiliaries.
 2. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein the polytriazine ethers thetriazine segments

R₁=—NH₂, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₃, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—OH, —CH₃, —C₃H₇, —C₆H₅, —OH,phthalimido-, succinimido-, —NH—CO-_(C5-C18)-alkyl,—NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-OH, —NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂,—NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH₂, —NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—O—CHR₂—NH—, —NH—CHR₂—NH—,—NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH—, —NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH—,—NH—CHR₂—O—CHR₂—NH—, R₂=H, C₁-C₇-alkyl; R₃=C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, H;R₄=C₂-C₁₈-alkylene, —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-O—CH₂CH(CH₃)—,—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—O-_(C2-C12)-arylene-O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)—,—[CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂]_(n)—, —[CH₂—CH(CH₃)—O—CH₂—CH(CH₃)]_(n)—,—[—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—]_(n)—,—[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—,—[(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—]_(n)—, where n=1 to200; sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type

polyester sequences containing siloxane groups, of the type—[(X)_(r)—O—CO—(Y)_(s)—CO—O—(X)_(r)]—, in whichx={(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C6-C14)-arylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—} or—{(CH₂)₂₋₈—O—CO-_(C2-C12)-alkylene-CO—O—(CH₂)₂₋₈—};

r=1 to 70; s=Ito 70 and y=3 to 50; polyether sequences containingsiloxane groups, of the type

where R₂=H; C₁-C₄-alkyl and y=3 to 50; sequences based on alkylene oxideadducts of melamine, of the type of2-amino-4,6-d₁-C₂-C₄-alkyleneamino-1,3,5-triazine sequences; phenolether sequences based on dihydric phenols and C₂-C₈ diols, of the typeof -_(C2-C8)-alkylene-O-_(C6-C18)-arylene-O-_(C2-C8)-alkylene-sequences; are linked by bridge members —NH—CHR₂—NH— or—NH—CHR₂—O—R₄—O—CHR₂—NH— and —NH—CHR₂—NH— and also, where appropriate,—NH—CHR₂—O—CHR₂—NH—, —NH—CHR₂—O—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH— and/or—NH—C₅-C₁₈-alkylene-NH— to form 4- to 1 000-nucleus polytriazine etherswith a linear and/or branched structure, in the polytriazine ethers themolar ratio of the substituents R₃:R₄=20:1 to 1:20, the proportion ofthe linkages of the triazine segments through bridge members—NH—CHR₃—O—R₄—O—CHR₃—NH— being from 5 to 95 mol %, and it being possiblefor the polytriazine ethers to contain up to 20% by mass of diols of thetype HO—R₄—OH.
 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein themelamine resin polycondensates are mixtures of meltable 4- to300-nucleus polytriazine ethers.
 4. The composition according to claim1, wherein the thermoinducible curing agents of the type of blockedsulphonic acid of the general formulaR₁—SO₂—O—R₂  (I) are blocked sulphonic acids in which the substituentsR₁=unsubstituted or singly or multiply halogen-, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-,C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-, C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—,benzoyl- and/or nitro-substituted C₆-C₁₀-aryl or C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl,R₂=4-nitrobenzyl, pentafluorobenzyl,

R₃=C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl,unsubstituted or singly or multiply halogen-, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-,C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-, C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—,benzoyl- or nitro-substituted C₆-C₁₀-aryl and/or C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl,C₁-C₈-alkoxy, C₅-C₈-cycloalkoxy, phenoxy or H₂N—CO—NH—, —CN,C₂-C₅-alkyloyl, benzoyl, C₂-C₅-alkoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl,morpholino-, piperidino-, C_(1-C) ₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl,C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₅-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or singly or multiplyhalogen-, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl-, C₁-C₁₆-alkyl-, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-,C₁-C₄-alkyl-CO—NH—, phenyl-CO—NH—, benzoyl- and/or nitro-substitutedC₆-C₁₀-aryl, C₇-C₁₂-arylalkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy, C₅-C₈-cycloalkoxy-,phenoxy-, or H₂N—CO—NH—, R₄=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, phenyl, C₂-C₉-alkanoyl orbenzyl R₅=H, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl or cyclohexyl, or R₃ and R₄ or R₅ togetherwith the atoms to which they are attached form a 5- to 8-membered ringwhich can be fused by 1 or 2 benzo radicals.
 5. The compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein the C₁-C₁₂-alkyl esters and/orC₂-C₈-hydroxyalkyl esters of C₇-C₁₄ aromatic carboxylic acids aredibutyl phthalate, phthalic acid diglycol esters and/or trimellitic acidglycol esters.
 6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein thesalts of melamine and/or guanamines with C₁-C₁₈ aliphatic carboxylicacids are melamine formate, melamine citrate, melamine maleate, melaminefumarate and/or acetoguanamine butyrate.
 7. The composition according toclaim 1, wherein the anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of C₄-C₂₀dicarboxylic acids are maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalicanhydride, mono-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl maleates, maleic monoamide or maleicmono-C₁-C₁₈-alkylamides.
 8. The composition according to claim 1,wherein the monoesters or monoamides of copolymers of ethylenicallyunsaturated C₄-C₂₀ dicarboxylic anhydrides and ethylenically unsaturatedmonomers of the type of C₂-C₂₀ olefins and/or C₈-C₂₀ vinylaromatics aremonoesters or monoamides of copolymers of maleic anhydride and C₃-C₈α-olefins of the isobutene, diisobutene and/or 4-methylpentene and/orstyrene type with a maleic anhydride/C₃-C₈ α-olefin and/or styreneand/or corresponding monomer mixtures molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:5.
 9. Thecomposition according to claim 1, wherein the salts ofC₁-C₁₂-alkylamines and/or alkanolamines with C₁-C₁₈ aliphatic, C₇-C₁₄aromatic and/or alkylaromatic carboxylic acids or inorganic acids of thehydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid type areethanolammonium chloride, triethylammonium maleate, diethanolammoniumphosphate and/or isopropylammonium p-toluenesulphonate.
 10. A processfor producing products from the composition according to claim 1,produced by melt processing, wherein the composition is melted incontinuous compounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. andresidence times of 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamineresin polycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 11. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 2, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 12. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 3, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 13. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 4, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 14. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 5, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 15. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 6, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 16. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 7, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 17. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 8, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.
 18. A process forproducing products from the composition according to claim 9, producedby melt processing, wherein the composition is melted in continuouscompounders at melt temperatures of 105 to 220° C. and residence timesof 2 to 12 min and, with curing of the meltable melamine resinpolycondensates, by customary processing methods for thermoplasticpolymers, A) is applied as a melt to a smoothing unit and taken off assheet via conveyor belts and cut or are applied to and sealed on sheetwebs comprising metal foils, polymeric films, paper webs or textile websand are taken off as multi-component composites and finished, or B) isdischarged through a profile die and taken off as profile or sheetmaterial, cut and finished, or C) is discharged through an annular die,taken off as pipe, with injection of air, cut and finished, or D)following the introduction of blowing agents, is discharged through aslot die and taken off as foamed sheet material, or E) is dischargedthrough the slot die of a pipe sheathing unit and applied in liquid meltform to, and sealed on, the rotating pipe, or F) in injection mouldingmachines, preferably with three-section screws with a screw length of 18to 24 D, at high injection rates and at mould temperatures of 5 to 70°C., is processed to injection mouldings, or G) in melt spinning units isextruded by means of the melt pump through the capillary die into theblowing shaft and taken off as filaments or separated off by themelt-blown process as fibres, or discharged as a melt by the rotationalspinning process into a shear field chamber using organic dispersants,to form fibrids, and processed further in downstream installations, orH) is metered by the resin infusion process into an open mould with thesemi-finished fibre product and shaped to laminates by the vacuum bagtechnology, or I) is injected by the resin injection process into alockable mould in which there are preforms of textile material, and areshaped to components and cured, or K) is used for the melt impregnationof component blanks produced by the filament winding process, braidingprocess or pultrusion process, and for full curing where appropriate theproducts are subjected to a thermal aftertreatment at temperatures of180 to 220° C. and residence times of 30 to 120 min.